09 June 2024

Virtues of the first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah

The first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah hold great significance in Islam, being among the most blessed days of the year. These days are marked by acts of worship, remembrance...

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الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، والصّلَاةُ والسَّلامُ علی رَسُولِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلی آلهِ وصَحْبِهِ اَجْمَعِین

 

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
 

The first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah hold great significance in Islam, being among the most blessed days of the year. These days are marked by acts of worship, remembrance, and good deeds. 

 

We find the mention of these 10 days in the Noble Quran. Allah (عزوجل) stated in the noble quran: 

 

وَالْفَجْرِ ‎﴿١﴾‏ وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ ‎﴿٢﴾
By oath of the (particular) dawn. (1) And by oath of ten nights. (2)
(سورة الفجر)

This is an oath by Allah, and verily Allah swears by whatever he wishes, as he is the  ultimate creator, sustainer and the ultimate possessor of power over everything. He does not swear by anything except that there is goodness (خیر), and blessings (برکة) in it. 

Thus, this signifies the great importance of the  (وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ), the 10 first nights of Dhul Hijjah, of which Allah swore an oath by. And the majority of the scholars of Tafsir agree from as-salaf like Ibn A'bbas, agree that where Allah mentioned  (وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ) - then the meaning of these nights are the 10 first nights of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.

 

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَمَسْرُوقٌ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ: هِيَ ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَعَشْرٌ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ.
 Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Masrooq (May Allah be pleased with them) said they are the days of Dhul Qa'da and the 10 initial days of Dhul Hijjah
(تفسير القرطبي — القرطبي (٦٧١ هـ))

  

Similarly from the virtues of these 10 days, we find that these are the days which Allah promised solitude for the prophet Mosa علیه السلام as is stated in the Noble Quran:

 

۞ وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰ ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً
And We agreed with Moosa a covenant for thirty nights (of solitude) and completed it by adding ten to them, so the covenant of His Lord amounted to forty nights in full
(سورة الاعراف)

These days were designated for Prophet Mosa علیه السلام to spend time in solitude, fasting and worship of Allah as in mentioned in Tafseer Qurtubi:

أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ الشَّهْرَ وَيَنْفَرِدَ فِيهِ بِالْعِبَادَةِ
He commanded him to fast the month and devote himself to worship alone during it.
(تفسير القرطبي — القرطبي (٦٧١ هـ))

We see from these verses that the 10 days of Dhul Hijjah are revered, and times of worship and remembrance of Allah. In these days the performance of Hajj takes place, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, culminating on the Day of Arafah and Eid al-Adha. It is a time for increased acts of dhikr (remembrance of Allah), such as Takbeer (Allahu Akbar), Tahmeed (Alhamdulillah), and Tahleel (La ilaha illallah), and charitable actions.

 

Simliarly, we learn from the blessed hadith of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ that the 10 days of Dhul Hijjah are amongs the best days for worship. The beloved prophet said in a hadith:

 

ما من عملٍ أزكى عند اللهِ ولا أعظمَ أجرًا من خيرٍ يعملُه في عَشرِ الأَضحى. قيل: ولا الجهادُ في سبيلِ اللهِ؟ قال: ولا الجهادُ في سبيلِ اللهِ، إلا رجلٌ خرج بنفسِه وماله فلم يرجِعْ من ذلك بشيءٍ.
"There is no deed more virtuous before God, nor greater in reward, than good done during the ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah." It was asked, "Not even jihad in the way of Allah?" He said, "Not even jihad in the way of Allah, except for a man who goes out with his life and wealth and returns with nothing of that."
(الدارمي (١٧٧٤) عن عبدالله بن عباس)

There are numerous ahadith with different wordings from the Prophet ﷺ which emphasise that there are no deeds more virtous before Allah, than good deeds which are performed during the ten days of Dhul Hijjah.

However, the meaning is not that Nawafil and Sunan are increased in virtue and reward above that of obligatory prayers. Obligatory prayers such as praying 5 times are always higher in importance and reward than any supererogatory prayers such as Adhkaar (supplications) or the praying of supererogatory prayers. Thus one should always strive to complete his/her obligatory daily prayers before striving towards anythings more. 

 

We see from these verses and ahadith that good deeds become more virtuous and beloved by Allah in these 10 designated days of Dhul Hijjah, which culminate with Hajj, and Eid al Adha for the muslims. They are the finalization and culmination of the known months of Hajj - the month of Shawwal, Dhul Qa'da and the 10 days of Dhul Hijjah -  for which Allah has stated in the Quran:

الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَّعْلُومَاتٌ
The Hajj is during the well-known months;
(سورة البقرة ۱۹۷)

 

These are days in which the blessed companions of the prophet ﷺ used to go out to the marketplaces, chanting (الله اکبر! اللہ اکبر! ) the people of the marketplaces would join them in the collective remembrance of their lord.

کان ابنُ عمرَ وأبو ھریرةَ یَخرُجانِ إلی السُّوق في ایام العشرِ یكبرانِ ويکبرُ الناسُ لتکبیرھما
Ibn Umar and Abu Hurairah used to go out to the market during the (first) ten days (of Dhul-Hijjah) and recite Takbeer (saying "Allahu Akbar"), and the people would also recite Takbeer due to their recitation.

 

Therefore, dear brothers and sisters in Islam, seek Allah and His forgiveness during these blessed days. Increase your obedience to Him by performing good deeds, spending in the way of Allah, and re-establishing good relations with your relatives and fellow Muslims. Spend these days wisely, (التی مضی شطرھا) as half of them have already passed. Make the most of this precious time before it slips away without us having gained any benefit. May we reap the rewards of these days in this temporary abode and in the Hereafter.

 

و الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِين

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( رواه الحافظ أبو نعيم في مسند الإمام أبي حنيفة)

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